Let's solve each question step-by-step: --- ## **Question 17** **Q:** A(n) ______ wall is used where there is a change in grade and the soil is higher on one side of the wall than the other. **Options:** - A. expansion - B. retaining - C. turned-down - D. barrier - E. monolithic ### **Step-by-Step Solution** - Walls that hold back soil where the ground level changes are called **retaining walls**. - They are specifically designed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a difference in ground elevation. #### **Final Answer** **B. retaining** --- ## **Question 18** **Q:** Name the following parts of the partial foundation plan. You are given a diagram with labels A, B, C, D, E, F. The handwritten answers are: - C: Concrete cylinder pier - D: Footing Let's identify all parts based on typical foundation plan symbols: ### **Step-by-Step Identification** - **A:** This is the vertical section typically representing the main wall of the foundation. - **Answer: Foundation wall** - **B:** The step or notch in the foundation wall, often where grade changes. - **Answer: Step in foundation wall** - **C:** The circular section, as annotated, is a *concrete cylinder pier* (correct). - **Answer: Concrete cylinder pier** - **D:** The wide base below the pier (as annotated), is a *footing*. - **Answer: Footing** - **E:** The horizontal thickened section at the base of the wall. - **Answer: Continuous footing** - **F:** The dashed lines typically indicate the **slab on grade** or **concrete slab**. - **Answer: Concrete slab** #### **Final Answers** | Label | Name | |-------|---------------------------| | A | Foundation wall | | B | Step in foundation wall | | C | Concrete cylinder pier | | D | Footing | | E | Continuous footing | | F | Concrete slab | --- ## **Summary Table** | # | Question/Label | Answer | |----|---------------|--------------------------| | 17 | Wall type | **B. retaining** | | 18 | A | Foundation wall | | | B | Step in foundation wall | | | C | Concrete cylinder pier | | | D | Footing | | | E | Continuous footing | | | F | Concrete slab | Let me know if you need further explanation on any part!