This is AI generated Response.
Asked by: M Murali
Created at: 2025-08-28 20:03:43
Final Answer:
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Let's work through the **step-by-step solution** for the non-inverting op-amp circuit shown.
---
### **a. Verify the DC gain is correct**
For a **non-inverting amplifier**:
\[ V_{out} = V_{in} \left( 1 + \frac{R_3}{R_4} \right) \]
Given:
- \( R_3 = 10\,k\Omega \)
- \( R_4 = 5.1\,k\Omega \)
So, the **DC gain (A_v)** is:
\[
A_v = 1 + \frac{R_3}{R_4} = 1 + \frac{10\,k}{5.1\,k}
\]
\[
A_v = 1 + 1.96 = 2.96
\]
**Theoretical DC gain = 2.96**
---
### **b. Verify the phasing of \( V_{out} \) relative to \( V_{in} \) with an AC signal at \( V_{in} \)**
In a **non-inverting amplifier**, the output signal is **in phase** with the input signal (no phase inversion).
So, if you apply a sine wave to \( V_{in} \), the output \( V_{out} \) will be a sine wave of greater amplitude, but with **the same phase** as \( V_{in} \).
---
### **c. Measure the largest peak input signal before the output saturates**
The **output swing** of a 741 op-amp is slightly less than the supply rails due to headroom limitations. Typically, for ±10V supplies, the output can swing to about ±8.5V (depends on the op-amp).
Let’s denote the maximum output swing as \( V_{out(max)} \approx \pm 8.5V \).
The maximum **peak input** before output saturation:
\[
V_{out(max)} = A_v \cdot V_{in(max)}
\]
\[
V_{in(max)} = \frac{V_{out(max)}}{A_v}
\]
\[
V_{in(max)} = \frac{8.5}{2.96} \approx 2.87\,V
\]
So, the **maximum peak input amplitude** is approximately **2.87V**.
---
### **d. Draw the input and output waveforms (use any sinusoid at \( V_{in} \)). Does this meet your expectation?**
**Waveforms:**
- \( V_{in} \): Sine wave of amplitude, say, 1V.
- \( V_{out} \): Sine wave of amplitude \( 2.96 \times 1V = 2.96V \), in phase with \( V_{in} \).
**Sketch:**
- Both signals are sine waves.
- Both start at the same time (no phase shift).
- Output waveform is stretched vertically compared to the input.
**Expectation:**
Yes, this matches the expected behavior of a non-inverting op-amp amplifier.
---
## **Summary Table**
| Step | Result |
|------|--------|
| **a. DC Gain** | \( 2.96 \) |
| **b. Phase** | Output is **in phase** with input |
| **c. Max input** | \( \approx 2.87\,V \) peak |
| **d. Waveforms** | Output is a magnified, in-phase sine wave |
---
**If you need to see a drawn waveform, let me know!**
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