Let's solve the exercise step by step: --- ### **(i) Direction of current in the conductor XY** **Explanation:** - The battery's positive terminal is on the left, and the negative terminal is on the right. - Current flows from the positive terminal of the battery, through the wire, and returns to the negative terminal. - Starting from the positive terminal at the bottom left, the current travels up, through the wire to point X, and then along XY towards Y. **Final Answer:** - **Direction of current in XY: From X to Y** --- ### **(ii) Direction of the magnetic field due to the ends of the bar magnet** **Explanation:** - Magnetic field lines leave the North (N) pole and enter the South (S) pole, outside the magnet. - In this diagram, the North pole is at the bottom, South at the top. - Thus, the magnetic field between the poles goes from **N (bottom) to S (top)**, i.e., **upwards** in the region between the poles. **Final Answer:** - **Direction of magnetic field: From N (bottom) to S (top) – upwards in the gap** --- ### **(iii) Direction of the force acting on the wire** **Explanation:** - Use Fleming's Left-Hand Rule for motors: - **First finger:** Magnetic field (N to S, upward) - **Second finger:** Current (X to Y, into the page or rightward) - **Thumb:** Force (motion of conductor) - Arrange your left hand so that: - First finger points upward (field) - Second finger points into the page or rightward (current, from X to Y) - The thumb will point out of the plane of the paper **towards us**. **Final Answer:** - **Direction of force: Out of the page (towards the observer)** --- ### **If the DC source is replaced by an AC source of frequency 1 Hz, describe the motion of the conductor.** **Explanation:** - With AC, current direction reverses every half-cycle (every 0.5 seconds for 1 Hz). - The direction of force on the wire will also reverse with the current. - So, the wire will move **back and forth (oscillate) once per second**. **Final Answer:** - **The conductor will oscillate back and forth with a frequency of 1 Hz.** --- ## **Summary Table** | Part | Answer | |------|--------| | (i) | Current flows from X to Y | | (ii) | Magnetic field is from N (bottom) to S (top), i.e., upward | | (iii)| Force is out of the page, towards observer | | AC case | Conductor oscillates back and forth at 1 Hz |