Let's address each compound step-by-step, as per the instructions: --- ## **a. Acetamide (CH₃CONH₂)** ### **I. p Orbitals Contributing to Resonance** - The carbonyl carbon and oxygen (C=O) both have unhybridized p orbitals. - The nitrogen has a lone pair in a p orbital, which can overlap with the π system. ### **II. Resonance Structures** 1. **Major structure (normal Lewis):** ``` O || C — N ``` (lone pairs on O and N) 2. **Resonance structure:** ``` O⁻ | C=N⁺ ``` (lone pairs on O and N, double bond between C and N, O has one more lone pair, N has no lone pairs and a formal + charge) ### **III. Ranking Resonance Structures** - **1st (greatest contribution):** Structure 1 (all atoms have full octet, charges minimized) - **2nd:** Structure 2 (charge separation, less stable) ### **IV. Hybridization** - **Carbonyl C:** sp² - **Oxygen:** sp² - **Nitrogen:** sp² --- ## **b. Acetate Ion (CH₃CO₂⁻)** ### **I. p Orbitals Contributing to Resonance** - Both oxygens and the carbonyl carbon have unhybridized p orbitals. ### **II. Resonance Structures** 1. **Structure 1:** Negative charge on left O, double bond to right O 2. **Structure 2:** Negative charge on right O, double bond to left O ### **III. Ranking Resonance Structures** - **Both structures are equivalent** (contribute equally). ### **IV. Hybridization** - **Carbonyl C:** sp² - **Oxygens:** sp² --- ## **c. Ozone (O₃)** ### **I. p Orbitals Contributing to Resonance** - All three oxygens have p orbitals involved in π bonding. ### **II. Resonance Structures** 1. **Structure 1:** O⁻–O⁺=O 2. **Structure 2:** O=O⁺–O⁻ ### **III. Ranking Resonance Structures** - **Both structures are equivalent** (contribute equally). ### **IV. Hybridization** - **Central O:** sp² - **Terminal Os:** sp² --- ### **Summary Table** | Compound | p Orbitals (atoms) | Resonance Structures | Ranking | Hybridization | |---------------------|----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------| | Acetamide (a) | C=O, N | O=C–N ↔ O⁻–C=N⁺ | 1 > 2 | C, O, N: sp² | | Acetate (b) | both O, C | [O⁻–C=O] ↔ [O=C–O⁻] | Equal | C, O: sp² | | Ozone (c) | all three O | O⁻–O⁺=O ↔ O=O⁺–O⁻ | Equal | all O: sp² | --- If you need the resonance structures drawn out, let me know!