# Step-by-Step Solution: Material Loss in Casting ## Problem Recap - **Molten metal poured**: 15 kg - **Solid casting obtained**: 12 kg - **Task**: Find the material loss during casting. --- ## Step 1: Understand the Problem Material loss in casting is the difference between the molten metal initially poured and the final solid casting obtained. Losses occur due to spillage, oxidation, dross, and other processing factors. --- ## Step 2: Formula for Material Loss \[ \text{Material Loss} = \text{Molten Metal Poured} - \text{Solid Casting Obtained} \] --- ## Step 3: Substitute the Values \[ \text{Material Loss} = 15~\text{kg} - 12~\text{kg} \] --- ## Step 4: Calculate \[ \text{Material Loss} = 3~\text{kg} \] --- ## Step 5: Final Answer **Material loss during the casting process is**: \[ \boxed{3~\text{kg}} \]