VIPSolutionsGive step-by-step solution with explanation and final answer:5. Consider a GC capillary column where the length, diameter and thickness of the film of the stationary phase could all be modified (one factor at a time). The three parameters to be modified are displayed in the first column of the table below. Complete the different cases by indicating, use the symbols provided, the observations anticipated: + symbolizes an increased, 0 shows a © weak variation in either direction and — for a decrease. (15%) sl & separation | capacity factor, k factor, a £3 | number, Nor % Tocrease in column length [0 0 |®) _#£|@ #-f@ Tole T | = | diameter Ta ak SET . | Faccense in fim Sil [02 010 il @® HT reale | | ee vam TERT TIMESCALE ae, Ra Se Lolariun nanks areas And
Question:
Give step-by-step solution with explanation and final answer:
5. Consider a GC capillary column where the length, diameter and thickness of the film of the
stationary phase could all be modified (one factor at a time). The three parameters to be modified
are displayed in the first column of the table below. Complete the different cases by indicating,
use the symbols provided, the observations anticipated: + symbolizes an increased, 0 shows a
© weak variation in either direction and — for a decrease. (15%) sl &
separation | capacity factor, k factor, a £3 | number, Nor %
Tocrease in column length [0 0 |®) _#£|@ #-f@ Tole T |
=
| diameter Ta ak SET .
| Faccense in fim Sil [02 010 il @® HT reale | |
ee vam TERT TIMESCALE ae, Ra Se Lolariun nanks areas And
This is AI generated Response.
Asked by: Mallikarjun
Created at: 2025-12-26 08:56:50
Asked by: Mallikarjun
Created at: 2025-12-26 08:56:50
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Let's solve the table step by step for a GC capillary column, considering one parameter changed at a time. We'll use the symbols:
- **+** : Increase
- **** : Little or no change
- **–** : Decrease
Here’s a breakdown of each change:
---
## 1. **Increase in Column Length**
- **Speed of separation**: **Decreases** (takes longer for analytes to elute) → **–**
- **Column capacity**: **Increases** (can hold more sample) → **+**
- **Retention factor, k**: **No change** (k is independent of length) → ****
- **Selectivity factor, α**: **No change** (α is independent of length) → ****
- **Effective plate number, N**: **Increases** (N is proportional to column length) → **+**
---
## 2. **Increase in Column Diameter**
- **Speed of separation**: **Increases** (lower resistance, faster flow) → **+**
- **Column capacity**: **Increases** (more space for stationary phase) → **+**
- **Retention factor, k**: **No change** (k is independent of diameter) → ****
- **Selectivity factor, α**: **No change** (α is independent of diameter) → ****
- **Effective plate number, N**: **Decreases** (wider columns generally have lower efficiency) → **–**
---
## 3. **Increase in Film Thickness**
- **Speed of separation**: **Decreases** (slower mass transfer, band broadening) → **–**
- **Column capacity**: **Increases** (more stationary phase, higher capacity) → **+**
- **Retention factor, k**: **Increases** (analytes spend more time in stationary phase) → **+**
- **Selectivity factor, α**: **May increase or stay same (slight effect)** → **/+,** but most often ****
- **Effective plate number, N**: **Decreases** (mass transfer is less efficient) → **–**
---
## **Final Table**
| **Parameter Modified** | **Speed of separation** | **Column capacity** | **Retention factor, k** | **Selectivity factor, α** | **Effective plate number, N** |
|-----------------------------|:----------------------:|:------------------:|:----------------------:|:------------------------:|:-----------------------------:|
| Increase in column length | – | + | | | + |
| Increase in column diameter | + | + | | | – |
| Increase in film thickness | – | + | + | | – |
---
### **Explanation**
- **Column length** mainly affects analysis time and efficiency.
- **Column diameter** affects capacity and efficiency.
- **Film thickness** impacts retention and efficiency due to mass transfer effects.
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