## Step 1: ** Reaction (Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Mechanism)** ### **Reaction:** Benzene + 2-chloropropane + AlCl₃ ### **Mechanism:** #### **Electrophile Formation:** - 2-Chloropropane reacts with AlCl₃ (a Lewis acid). - AlCl₃ pulls the Cl away, forming a **secondary carbocation** (isopropyl cation, (CH₃)₂CH⁺). ``` (CH₃)₂CH-Cl + AlCl₃ → (CH₃)₂CH⁺ + AlCl₄⁻ ``` #### **Attack on Benzene:** - The benzene ring (π electrons) attacks the carbocation, creating a resonance-stabilized arenium ion (sigma complex). #### **Restoration of Aromaticity:** - AlCl₄⁻ removes a proton from the arenium ion, restoring aromaticity and yielding **isopropylbenzene (cumene)** as the product. ``` Benzene + (CH₃)₂CH⁺ → isopropylbenzene ``` ### **Explanation:** - AlCl₃ generates a strong electrophile (secondary carbocation). - Benzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution to form isopropylbenzene. --- ## Step 2: **Second Reaction (Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution — Sulfonation)** ### **Reaction:** Benzene + H₂SO₄ ### **Mechanism:** #### **Electrophile Formation:** - In concentrated H₂SO₄, SO₃ or HSO₃⁺ (sulfonium ion) forms as the electrophile. ``` H₂SO₄ ⇌ SO₃ + H₂O or H₂SO₄ + H₂SO₄ → H₃SO₄⁺ + HSO₄⁻ ``` #### **Attack on Benzene:** - Benzene attacks the sulfonium ion (SO₃ or HSO₃⁺), forming a sigma complex. #### **Restoration of Aromaticity:** - Loss of a proton restores aromaticity, giving **benzenesulfonic acid** as the product. ### **Explanation:** - Sulfonation introduces an SO₃H group onto benzene via an electrophilic aromatic substitution. --- ## **Final Answers:** 1. **First Reaction Product:** **Isopropylbenzene (cumene)** 2. **Second Reaction Product:** **Benzenesulfonic acid (C₆H₅SO₃H)** --- ### **Summary Table** | Step | Reaction | Electrophile Formed | Final Product | |------|---------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------| | 1 | Friedel-Crafts | (CH₃)₂CH⁺ | Isopropylbenzene (cumene) | | 2 | Sulfonation | SO₃ or HSO₃⁺ | Benzenesulfonic acid |