Let's break this problem into the required **three steps** and show the calculations as you would in **Excel**, with explanations. --- ### **Step 1: Calculate Power Output in Watts** **Given:** - Pedal rate = 80 RPM - Resistance = 2 kg (on Monark, 1 kg = 1 kP) - 1 pedal rotation = 6 meters - 1 kpm/min = 6.12 W #### **a) Calculate distance per minute:** \[ \text{Distance per minute (m/min)} = \text{RPM} \times \text{meters per rotation} \] \[ = 80 \times 6 = 480 \text{ m/min} \] #### **b) Calculate work rate in kgm/min (kpm/min):** \[ \text{Work rate (kpm/min)} = \text{Resistance (kg)} \times \text{Distance per minute (m/min)} \] \[ = 2 \times 480 = 960 \text{ kpm/min} \] #### **c) Convert kpm/min to Watts:** \[ \text{Watts} = \text{Work rate (kpm/min)} \times 6.12\,\text{(W/kpm/min)} \] \[ = 960 \times 0.1639344 = 157.38 \text{ W} \] *(Since 1 kpm/min = 6.12 W, you could also do: 960 \times 6.12 = 5875.2 W, but that's incorrect. The correct conversion is 1 W = 6.12 kpm/min, so: Watts = kpm/min ÷ 6.12, thus: 960 ÷ 6.12 = **157.38 W**)* #### **Excel Formula:** ``` =A2*B2 ``` *(Where A2 = Resistance (2 kg), B2 = Total meters/min (480))* ``` =C2/6.12 ``` *(Where C2 is total kpm/min (960))* **Step 1 Explanation:** You first convert pedal revolutions per minute and flywheel resistance into mechanical work per minute, then convert to Watts using the proper conversion factor. --- ### **Step 2: Estimate VO2 at the Given Work Rate (ACSM Equation)** **ACSM Leg Cycling Equation:** \[ VO_2 = 3.5 + 3.5 + \left(\frac{1.8 \times \text{Work Rate (kpm/min)}}{\text{body mass (kg)}}\right) \] *(All in ml/kg/min. Assume body weight is needed. Let's use 70 kg as typical value.)* \[ VO_2 = 3.5 + 3.5 + \left(\frac{1.8 \times 960}{70}\right) \] \[ = 7.0 + \left(\frac{1,728}{70}\right) \] \[ = 7.0 + 24.6857 = 31.69 \text{ ml/kg/min} \] #### **Excel Formula:** ``` =3.5+3.5+(1.8*C2/D2) ``` *(Where C2 = 960 kpm/min, D2 = body mass in kg, e.g., 70)* **Step 2 Explanation:** You use the ACSM metabolic equation for cycling, which estimates oxygen consumption based on work rate and body weight. You add resting and unloaded cycling VO2 (3.5 + 3.5), then the work component. --- ### **Step 3: Explanation & Final Answer** #### **Summary Table Example (Excel-like):** | Variable | Value | Formula | |-------------------|-------------|----------------------------------------| | Resistance (kg) | 2 | Input | | RPM | 80 | Input | | Meters/rotation | 6 | Input | | Meters/min | 480 | =B2*C2 | | Work rate (kpm/min)| 960 | =A2*D2 | | Watts | 157.38 | =E2/6.12 | | Body weight (kg) | 70 | Input | | VO2 (ml/kg/min) | 31.69 | =3.5+3.5+(1.8*E2/F2) | **Step 3 Explanation:** This process allows you to estimate the power output (in Watts) and oxygen consumption (VO2) of a cyclist using a Monark ergometer, given pedal rate, resistance, and body weight. The values calculated are typical for moderate-to-vigorous cycling. --- ## **Final Answers:** - **Power Output:** **157.4 Watts** - **Estimated VO2:** **31.7 ml/kg/min** (assuming 70 kg body weight) --- ### **Excel Formulas Recap:** Assuming these assignments: - **A2:** Resistance (kg) = 2 - **B2:** RPM = 80 - **C2:** Meters/rotation = 6 - **D2:** Body weight (kg) = 70 Then: - **E2:** `=B2*C2` *(meters per minute)* - **F2:** `=A2*E2` *(kpm/min)* - **G2:** `=F2/6.12` *(Watts)* - **H2:** `=3.5+3.5+(1.8*F2/D2)` *(VO2 ml/kg/min)* --- Let me know if you want these in a ready-to-copy Excel table!