Determine if the following series converges. If it does, justify your answer. If it doesnt explain why it divergesow C1 ©) @pt9) 232, S0 10" (4) @pts) Taft = ©) Gps Tim © C10" (6) Get) Tar
Question:
Determine if the following series converges. If it does, justify your answer. If it doesnt explain why it diverges
ow C1
©) @pt9) 232, S0
10"
(4) @pts) Taft =
©) Gps Tim
© C10"
(6) Get) Tar
This is AI generated Response.
Asked by: Test User 100103
Created at: 2025-05-05 18:55:38
Asked by: Test User 100103
Created at: 2025-05-05 18:55:38
Final Answer:
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Let's analyze the convergence of each series:
---
### **(3) \(\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{3n+7}\)**
This is an **alternating series** (sign alternates due to \( (-1)^n \)).
#### **Alternating Series Test (Leibniz Test):**
A series \( \sum (-1)^n a_n \) converges if:
1. \( a_n \ge 0 \)
2. \( a_{n+1} \le a_n \) for all \( n \) (monotonically decreasing)
3. \( \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = 0 \)
Here, \( a_n = \frac{1}{3n+7} \):
- \( a_n \ge 0 \): Yes.
- \( a_{n+1} < a_n \): Yes, the denominator increases so terms decrease.
- \( \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = 0 \): Yes, as \( n \to \infty \), \( 3n+7 \to \infty \) so \( a_n \to 0 \).
**Conclusion:**
**The series converges by the Alternating Series Test.**
---
### **(4) \(\sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}}\)**
Let's use the **root test**:
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\left| \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}} \right|}
= \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n^{10/n}}
\]
But \( n^{10/n} \to 1 \) as \( n \to \infty \), so limit is 10.
- Limit \( > 1 \) ⇒ **series diverges by the root test**.
---
### **(5) \(\sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n!}\)**
Again, **root test**:
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\left| \frac{(-10)^n}{n!} \right|}
= \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{(n!)^{1/n}}
\]
But \( n! \) grows much faster than any exponential, so this limit is 0.
- Limit \( < 1 \) ⇒ **series converges absolutely**.
---
### **(6) \(\sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n^n}\)**
Again, **root test**:
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\left| \frac{(-10)^n}{n^n} \right|}
= \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n}
= 0
\]
- Limit \( < 1 \) ⇒ **series converges absolutely**.
---
## **Summary Table**
| Series | Converges or Diverges | Reason |
|--------|----------------------|--------|
| (3) \( \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{3n+7} \) | **Converges** | Alternating Series Test |
| (4) \( \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}} \) | **Diverges** | Root Test (\(L=10>1\)) |
| (5) \( \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n!} \) | **Converges** | Root Test (\(L=0<1\)) |
| (6) \( \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \frac{(-10)^n}{n^n} \) | **Converges** | Root Test (\(L=0<1\)) |
If you need a more detailed explanation for any particular series, let me know!
Question:
i need detailed calculations along with the final Answer
This is AI generated Response.
Asked by: Test User 100103
Created at: 2025-05-05 18:56:50
Asked by: Test User 100103
Created at: 2025-05-05 18:56:50
Final Answer:
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Did you like this answer?
Let's analyze each series in detail, including the calculations and reasoning.
---
### **Series (3): \(\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^n}{3n+7}\)**
**Type:** Alternating series with \(a_n = \frac{1}{3n+7}\).
**Step 1: Check \(a_n \ge 0\):**
Yes, since numerator is positive and denominator is positive for all \(n\).
**Step 2: Monotonic decreasing \(a_n\):**
\[
a_{n+1} = \frac{1}{3(n+1) + 7} = \frac{1}{3n + 10} \quad \text{vs} \quad a_n = \frac{1}{3n+7}
\]
Since \(3n+10 > 3n+7\), it follows that:
\[
a_{n+1} < a_n
\]
Thus, \(\{a_n\}\) is decreasing.
**Step 3: Limit of \(a_n\):**
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{3n+7} = 0
\]
**Conclusion:**
By the **Alternating Series Test** (Leibniz criterion):
\[
\boxed{
\text{Series (3) converges}
}
\]
---
### **Series (4): \(\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}}\)**
**Step 1: Absolute value of general term:**
\[
\left| \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}} \right| = \frac{10^n}{n^{10}}
\]
**Step 2: Use the root test:**
\[
L = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\left| a_n \right|} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\frac{10^n}{n^{10}}} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n^{10/n}}
\]
Because:
\[
n^{10/n} = e^{(10/n) \ln n}
\]
and as \(n \to \infty\),
\[
(10/n) \ln n \to 0
\]
so
\[
n^{10/n} \to e^0 = 1
\]
Therefore:
\[
L = \frac{10}{1} = 10
\]
**Step 3: Conclusion:**
Since \(L = 10 > 1\), the series **diverges** by the root test.
---
### **Series (5): \(\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n!}\)**
**Step 1: Analyze the absolute value:**
\[
|a_n| = \frac{10^n}{n!}
\]
**Step 2: Root test:**
\[
L = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\frac{10^n}{n!}} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{(n!)^{1/n}}
\]
**Step 3: Behavior of \((n!)^{1/n}\):**
By Stirling's approximation:
\[
n! \sim \sqrt{2\pi n} \left(\frac{n}{e}\right)^n
\]
then:
\[
(n!)^{1/n} \sim \left(\sqrt{2\pi n}\right)^{1/n} \left(\frac{n}{e}\right)
\]
As \(n \to \infty\),
\[
\left(\sqrt{2\pi n}\right)^{1/n} \to 1
\]
and so:
\[
(n!)^{1/n} \sim \frac{n}{e}
\]
Thus:
\[
L = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n/e} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10 e}{n} = 0
\]
Since \(L=0 < 1\), by the root test, the **series converges absolutely**.
**Conclusion:**
\[
\boxed{
\text{Series (5) converges absolutely}
}
\]
---
### **Series (6): \(\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n^n}\)**
**Step 1: Absolute value:**
\[
|a_n| = \frac{10^n}{n^n}
\]
**Step 2: Use root test:**
\[
L = \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\frac{10^n}{n^n}} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n}
\]
**Step 3: Limit:**
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{10}{n} = 0
\]
Since \(L=0<1\), the series **converges absolutely**.
---
### **Final Summary:**
| Series | Final Result | Justification |
|---------|----------------|----------------|
| (3) \(\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{3n+7}\) | **Converges** | Alternating Series Test (terms decrease to 0) |
| (4) \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n^{10}}\) | **Diverges** | Root test limit \(L=10>1\) |
| (5) \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n!}\) | **Converges absolutely** | Root test limit \(L=0<1\) |
| (6) \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-10)^n}{n^n}\) | **Converges absolutely** | Root test limit \(L=0<1\) |
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