VIPSolutionsanswer the questionsye) Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. ® Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Question Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. Question The number of unshared pairs at atom ais ©. fr] WE The number of unshared pairs at stom bs 5 [Foon ©] The number of unshared pairs at atom cis < ‘The number of unshared pairs at atom ais =. He—cH TS oe He _§~c” The number of unshared pairs at atom bis ©. freee oy 7 TU rr] "The number of unshared pairs at atom cis ©.
Question:
answer the questions
ye)
Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic
compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. ®
Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom.
Question Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas.
Question
The number of unshared pairs at atom ais ©.
fr] WE The number of unshared pairs at stom bs 5
[Foon ©] The number of unshared pairs at atom cis <
‘The number of unshared pairs at atom ais =.
He—cH
TS oe
He _§~c” The number of unshared pairs at atom bis ©.
freee oy 7
TU
rr] "The number of unshared pairs at atom cis ©.
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Asked by: Test User 100129
Created at: 2025-05-18 04:48:19
Asked by: Test User 100129
Created at: 2025-05-18 04:48:19
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Let's analyze each structure to determine the number of unshared (lone) electron pairs on the specified atoms.
### First Structure:
**H–C≡N:**
- a = C (carbon in "HC≡N")
- b = N (nitrogen in "HC≡N")
- c = H (hydrogen in "HC≡N")
#### Atom a (C):
- Carbon in a triple bond with nitrogen and a single bond with hydrogen.
- Carbon typically has 4 bonds and no lone pairs if it has a full octet.
- Here, C has 3 bonds to N (triple bond) + 1 bond to H = 4 bonds.
- **Unshared pairs = 0**
#### Atom b (N):
- Nitrogen is triple bonded to carbon, and has one lone pair left (since N needs 3 bonds + 1 lone pair for a full octet).
- **Unshared pairs = 1**
#### Atom c (H):
- Hydrogen can only form one bond, and it has no lone pairs.
- **Unshared pairs = 0**
### Second Structure (Benzene ring with carboxylic acid):
Let's focus on the labeled atoms:
- a = O in the carbonyl (double-bonded to C)
- b = O in the hydroxyl group (-OH)
- c = O in the ether group (single-bonded to C and single-bonded to C)
#### Atom a (O in C=O):
- Oxygen double-bonded to carbon.
- Oxygen needs 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs for a full octet.
- **Unshared pairs = 2**
#### Atom b (O in -OH):
- Oxygen single-bonded to carbon and to hydrogen (OH group).
- Oxygen needs 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs for a full octet.
- **Unshared pairs = 2**
#### Atom c (O in ether):
- Oxygen single-bonded to two carbons.
- Oxygen needs 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs for a full octet.
- **Unshared pairs = 2**
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## Final Answers
**First Structure:**
- Atom a: **0**
- Atom b: **1**
- Atom c: **0**
**Second Structure:**
- Atom a: **2**
- Atom b: **2**
- Atom c: **2**
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