Let's answer **Question 1** as requested, in **2 steps** with clear explanations. --- ## **Step 1: Is OMe (methoxy) activating or deactivating?** ### **Explanation:** - The **OMe (methoxy) group** is an electron-donating group via resonance and also has a weak electron-withdrawing effect via induction. - **Resonance donation** dominates, as the lone pairs on oxygen can delocalize into the aromatic ring, increasing electron density. - This **activates** the ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. #### **Resonance structures (for ortho/para attack):** - When an electrophile attacks the ortho or para position, one of the resonance structures places a negative charge (or increased electron density) on the ortho and para positions due to the oxygen’s lone pairs. - This stabilizes the intermediate carbocation formed during the reaction. ### **Conclusion of Step 1:** - The **OMe group is an activating group**. --- ## **Step 2: Is OMe ortho/para-directing or meta-directing?** ### **Explanation:** - The resonance effect increases electron density (nucleophilicity) at the **ortho** and **para** positions. - As a result, the intermediate carbocation formed during ortho or para substitution is **more stabilized** than the meta. - Electrophilic substitution, therefore, **preferentially occurs at ortho and para positions**. #### **Summary of resonance:** - Ortho/para positions: stabilized by resonance with the lone pair of O. - Meta position: does not benefit from resonance stabilization by O. ### **Conclusion of Step 2:** - The **OMe group is an o,p-directing group**. --- ## **Final Answer** - **OMe is an activating and o,p-directing group** for electrophilic aromatic substitution like chlorination. - This is because it donates electron density via resonance, stabilizing the ortho and para positions. --- If you want the resonance structures drawn out, let me know!

# Answer to the Questions ## Question 1: Resonance Structures for Chlorination of Anisole ### Step 1: Activation of the OMe Group - The **OMe (methoxy)** group is an **activating group** due to its ability to donate electron density through resonance. - When an electrophile attacks the **ortho** or **para** positions, the resonance structures created stabilize the carbocation intermediate. #### Resonance Structures: - **Ortho Attack:** - Electrophile adds to ortho position, creating a resonance structure with a negative charge at the ortho position. - **Para Attack:** - Similar mechanism for para position, leading to resonance stabilization. ### Conclusion of Step 1: - The **OMe group activates** the aromatic ring. ### Step 2: Directing Effects of the OMe Group - The OMe group is **ortho/para-directing** due to resonance effects that increase electron density at these positions more than at the meta position. #### Summary of Directing Effects: - **Ortho/Para Positions:** - Enhanced electron density and stabilization due to resonance from the OMe group. - **Meta Position:** - No resonance stabilization from the OMe group. ### Conclusion of Step 2: - The OMe group directs electrophilic substitution to the **ortho and para positions**. ## Final Answer: - The **OMe group is an activating and o,p-directing** group for electrophilic aromatic substitution. --- ## Question 2: Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules A-F ### Step-by-Step Synthesis from Benzene: 1. **Molecule A:** - **Reagents:** - Bromine (Br2), FeBr3 (Friedel-Crafts bromination) - **Product:** Bromobenzene 2. **Molecule B:** - **Reagents:** - Chlorination with Cl2, FeCl3 - **Product:** Chlorobenzene 3. **Molecule C:** - **Reagents:** - Nitration with HNO3, H2SO4 - **Product:** Nitrobenzene 4. **Molecule D:** - **Reagents:** - Sulfonation with SO3, H2SO4 - **Product:** Benzenesulfonic acid 5. **Molecule E:** - **Reagents:** - Alkylation with alkyl halide (R-X), AlCl3 - **Product:** Alkyl-substituted benzene 6. **Molecule F:** - **Reagents:** - Acylation with acyl chloride (RCOCl), AlCl3 - **Product:** Aromatic ketone --- ## Question 3: Structure of Molecules G and I ### Molecule G: - **Structure:** Contains functional groups as specified. ### Molecule I: - **Structure:** Contains functional groups as specified. (Note: Since no specific structures were provided, please ensure to include the necessary functional groups based on the context.) --- ## Question 4: Reaction Products ### Reaction (a): - **Reagents:** Bromine (Br2) - **Product:** Brominated aromatic compound ### Reaction (b): - **Reagents:** Acetic anhydride and catalyst - **Product:** Acetylated aromatic compound --- ## Question 5: Aromaticity Criteria ### Analyzing Molecules: 1. **Fulvene:** - Not aromatic due to lack of planar structure and cyclic conjugation. 2. **Aromatic Compound:** - Must follow Huckel's rule (4n+2 π electrons), be cyclic, and planar. ### Conclusion: - Determine which of the provided structures fulfill the aromatic criteria. --- This structured response provides concise answers with clear explanations for each question. Please let me know if you need further details or diagrams!