Let's carefully analyze the data and determine the total cell counts for WBC and RBC in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample. --- ### 1. **Understanding the Data and Method** - **Sample:** CSF, no dilution was prepared. - **Charged chambers:** Both sides of the hemocytometer were counted (side 1 and side 2). - **Squares counted:** The counts are from 8 large squares (numbered #1 to #8). - **Counting method:** For each large square, counts of WBC and RBC in both sides are provided. - **Goal:** Determine total WBC and RBC per microliter (µL) of CSF. --- ### 2. **Hemocytometer and Cell Counting Basics** - Each large square (on a hemocytometer) covers a known volume: - **Volume per large square:** 0.1 µL (since standard hemocytometers are designed with this volume). - **Calculating total cell count:** \[ \text{Total cells per µL} = \frac{\text{Sum of all counts}}{\text{Number of squares} \times \text{Number of sides}} \times \frac{1}{\text{Volume per square}} \] Since counts are from 8 squares, each with 2 sides, total counts are summed across all squares and sides. --- ### 3. **Summing the Counts** Let's sum the WBC and RBC counts separately. **WBC counts (side 1):** | Square | Side 1 (WBC) | |---------|--------------| | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 0 | | 3 | 1 | | 4 | 0 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 0 | | 7 | 0 | | 8 | 0 | | **Total WBC (side 1):** | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 = **2** **WBC counts (side 2):** | Square | Side 2 (WBC) | |---------|--------------| | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 2 | | 3 | 1 | | 4 | 0 | | 5 | 0 | | 6 | 0 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 0 | | **Total WBC (side 2):** | 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 = **4** **Total WBC counts:** \[ \text{Total WBC} = 2 + 4 = 6 \] --- **RBC counts (side 1):** | Square | Side 1 (RBC) | |---------|--------------| | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 1 | | 3 | 0 | | 4 | 0 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 0 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 0 | | **Total RBC (side 1):** | 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 = **3** **RBC counts (side 2):** | Square | Side 2 (RBC) | |---------|--------------| | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 0 | | 3 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 0 | | 7 | 0 | | 8 | 2 | | **Total RBC (side 2):** | 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 2 = **5** **Total RBC counts:** \[ \text{Total RBC} = 3 + 5 = 8 \] --- ### 4. **Calculating Cell Concentrations** - **Number of squares counted:** 8 - **Number of sides counted:** 2 - **Total counts:** - WBC: 6 - RBC: 8 - **Volume per large square:** 0.1 µL --- ### 5. **Total Cell Count per Microliter (µL)** \[ \text{Total cell count per µL} = \frac{\text{Sum of counts}}{\text{Number of squares} \times \text{Number of sides}} \times \frac{1}{\text{Volume per square}} \] which simplifies to: \[ = \frac{\text{Total counts}}{8 \times 2} \times \frac{1}{0.1} \] **Calculations:** **WBC:** \[ \text{WBC per µL} = \frac{6}{8 \times 2} \times 10 = \frac{6}{16} \times 10 = 0.375 \times 10 = \boxed{3.75 \text{ cells/µL}} \] **RBC:** \[ \text{RBC per µL} = \frac{8}{8 \times 2} \times 10 = \frac{8}{16} \times 10 = 0.5 \times 10 = \boxed{5 \text{ cells/µL}} \] --- ### **Final Results:** | Cell Type | Total cells per µL | |------------|---------------------| | **WBC** | **3.75 / µL** | | **RBC** | **5 / µL** | --- ### **Conclusion:** - The cerebrospinal fluid contains approximately **3.75 WBCs per microliter**. - The RBC count is approximately **5 RBCs per microliter**. **Note:** The very low cell counts are typical for CSF, which normally has few cells. --- **If needed, these results can be used for clinical interpretation regarding infection or other neurological conditions.**